SCOTLAND

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By: Alexey Kapitskiy

School № 1264

GRADE 10 “C”

Moscow

2003, May

Table of Contents:

1. Geographical Situation

2. The Land And Resources

3. Physiographic Regions

4. Rivers and Lakes

5. Climate

6. Plant and Animal Life

7. Natural Resources

8. Population

9. Population Characteristics

10. Principal Cities

11. Religion and Language

12. Education

13. Elementary and Secondary Schools

14. Universities and Collages

15. Government

16. Central Government

17. Legislature

18. Judiciary

19. Local Government and Political Parties

20. Economy

21. Agriculture

22. Forestry and Fishing

23. Mining and Manufacturing

24. Transportation and Communications

|Scotland, administrative division of the kingdom of Great Britain, |

|occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Scotland is |

|bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean; on the east by the North Sea; |

|on the southeast by England; on the south by Solway Firth, which partly |

|separates it from England, and by the Irish Sea; and on the west by North |

|Channel, which separates it from Ireland, and by the Atlantic Ocean. As a |

|geopolitical entity Scotland includes 186 nearby islands, a majority of |

|which are contained in three groups—namely, the Hebrides, also known as the|

|Western Islands, situated off the western coast; the Orkney Islands, |

|situated off the northeastern coast; and the Shetland Islands, situated |

|northeast of the Orkney Islands. The largest of the other islands is the |

|Island of Arran. The area, including the islands, is 78,772 sq km (30,414 |

|sq mi). Edinburgh (population, 1991, 421,213) is the capital of Scotland as|

|well as a major industrial area and seaport. |

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|The Land and Resources |

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|Scotland has a very irregular coastline. The western coast in particular is|

|deeply penetrated by numerous arms of the sea, most of which are narrow |

|submerged valleys, known locally as sea lochs, and by a number of broad |

|indentations, generally called firths. The principal firths are the Firth |

|of Lorne, the Firth of Clyde, and Solway Firth. The major indentations on |

|the eastern coast are Dornoch Firth, Moray Firth, the Firth of Tay, and the|

|Firth of Forth. Measured around the various firths and lochs, the coastline|

|of Scotland is about 3700 km (about 2300 mi) long. |

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|Physiographic Regions |

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|The terrain of Scotland is predominantly mountainous but may be divided |

|into three distinct regions, from north to south: the Highlands, the |

|Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. More than one-half of the |