Принцесса Диана Уэльская

РЕФЕРАТ

на тему:

«Принцесса Уэльская Диана»

г. Георгиевск, 1998 год

Death

The tragic death of Diana, Princess of Wales occurred on Sunday, 31 August

1997 following a car accident in Paris, France. The vehicle in which the

Princess was travelling was involved in a high-speed accident in the Place

de l'Alma underpass in central Paris shortly before midnight on Saturday,

30 August. The Princess was taken to the La Pitie Salpetriere Hospital,

where she underwent two hours of emergency surgery before being declared

dead at 0300 BST. The Princess's companion, Mr Dodi Fayed, and the driver

of the vehicle died in the accident, whilst a bodyguard was seriously

injured.

The Princess's body was subsequently repatriated to the United Kingdom in

the evening of Sunday, 31 August by a BAe 146 aircraft of the Royal

Squadron. The Prince of Wales and the Princess's elder sisters, Lady Sarah

McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes, accompanied the Princess's coffin on

its return journey. Upon arrival at RAF Northolt, the coffin, draped with a

Royal Standard, was removed from the aircraft and transferred to a waiting

hearse by a bearer party from The Queen's Colour Squadron of the RAF. The

Prime Minister was among those in the reception party.

From RAF Northolt the coffin was taken to a private mortuary in London, so

that the necessary legal formalities could be completed. Shortly after

midnight, it was moved to the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, where it

lay privately until the funeral on Saturday, 6 September, in Westminster

Abbey. The Princess's family and friends visited the Chapel to pay their

respects.

Following the funeral service, the coffin then was taken by road to the

family estate at Althorp for a private interment. The Princess was buried

in sanctified ground on an island in the centre of an ornamental lake

Childhood and teenage years

Diana, Princess of Wales, formerly Lady Diana Frances Spencer, was born on

1 July 1961 at Park House near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was the youngest

daughter of the then Viscount and Viscountess Althorp, now the late (8th)

Earl Spencer and the Hon. Mrs Shand-Kydd, daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy.

Earl Spencer was Equerry to George VI from 1950 to 1952, and to The Queen

from 1952 to 1954. Lady Diana's parents, who had married in 1954, separated

in 1967 and the marriage was dissolved in 1969. Earl Spencer later married

Raine, Countess of Dartmouth in 1976.

Together with her two elder sisters Sarah (born 1955), Jane (born 1957) and

her younger brother Charles (born 1964), Lady Diana continued to live with

her father at Park House, Sandringham, until the death of her grandfather,

the 7th Earl Spencer. In 1975, the family moved to the Spencer family seat

at Althorp (a stately house dating from 1508) in Northamptonshire, in the

English Midlands.

Lady Diana was educated first at a preparatory school, Riddlesworth Hall at

Diss, Norfolk, and then in 1974 went as a boarder to West Heath, near

Sevenoaks, Kent. At school she showed a particular talent for music (as an

accomplished pianist), dancing and domestic science, and gained the

school's award for the girl giving maximum help to the school and her

schoolfellows. She left West Heath in 1977 and went to finishing school at

the Institut Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland, which she left

after the Easter term of 1978. The following year she moved to a flat in

Coleherne Court, London. For a while she looked after the child of an

American couple, and she worked as a kindergarten teacher at the Young

England School in Pimlico.

Marriage and family

On 24 February 1981 it was officially announced that Lady Diana was to

marry The Prince of Wales. As neighbours at Sandringham until 1975, their

families had known each other for many years, and Lady Diana and the The

Prince had met again when he was invited to a weekend at Althorp in

November 1977.

They were married at St Paul's Cathedral in London on 29 July 1981, in a

ceremony which drew a global television and radio audience estimated at

around 1,000 million people, and hundreds of thousands of people lining the

route from Buckingham Palace to the Cathedral. The wedding reception was at

Buckingham Palace

The marriage was solemnised by the Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Runcie,

together with the Dean of St Paul's; clergy from other denominations read

prayers. Music included the hymns 'Christ is made the sure foundation', 'I

vow to thee my country', the anthem 'I was glad' (by Sir Hubert Parry), a

specially composed anthem 'Let the people praise thee' by Professor

Mathias, and Handel's 'Let the bright seraphim' performed by Dame Kiri te

Kanawa. The lesson was read by the Speaker of the House of Commons, Mr

George Thomas (the late Lord Tonypandy).

The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne for

300 years (when Lady Anne Hyde married the future James II from whom the

Princess was descended). The bride wore a silk taffeta dress with a 25-foot

train designed by the Emanuels, her veil was held in place by the Spencer

family diamond tiara, and she carried a bouquet of gardenias, lilies-of-the-

valley, white freesia, golden roses, white orchids and stephanotis. She was

attended by five bridesmaids including Princess Margaret's daughter Lady

Sarah Armstrong-Jones (now Lady Sarah Chatto); Prince Andrew (now The Duke

of York) and Prince Edward were The Prince of Wales's supporters (a Royal

custom instead of a best man).

The Prince and Princess of Wales spent part of their honeymoon at the

Mountbatten family home at Broadlands, Hampshire, before flying to

Gibraltar to join the Royal Yacht HMY BRITANNIA for a 12-day cruise through

the Mediterranean to Egypt. They finished their honeymoon with a stay at

Balmoral.

The Prince and Princess made their principal home at Highgrove House near

Tetbury, Gloucestershire, and shared an apartment in Kensington Palace

The Princess of Wales had two sons. Prince William Arthur Philip Louis was

born on 21 June 1982 and Prince Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David on 15

September 1984, both at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, in London.

The Princess had seventeen godchildren

In December 1992 it was announced that The Prince and Princess of Wales had

agreed to separate. The Princess based her household and her office at

Kensington Palace, while The Prince was based at St James's Palace and

continued to live at Highgrove.

In November 1995, the Princess gave a television interview during which she

spoke of her unhappiness in her personal life and the pressures of her

public role. The Prince and Princess were divorced on 28 August 1996.

The Prince and Princess continued to share equal responsibility for the

upbringing of their children. The Princess, as the mother of Prince William

(second in line to the throne), continued to be regarded as a member of the

Royal family. The Queen, The Prince and The Princess of Wales agreed that

the Princess was to be known after the divorce as Diana, Princess of Wales,

without the style of 'Her Royal Highness' (as the Princess was given the

style 'HRH' on marriage she would therefore be expected to give it up on

divorce).

The Princess continued to live at Kensington Palace, with her office based

there.

After her marriage, The Princess of Wales quickly became involved in the

official duties of the Royal family. Her first tour with The Prince was a

three-day visit to Wales in October 1981. In 1983 she accompanied The

Prince on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, and they took the infant

Prince William with them. Prince William, with Prince Harry, again joined

The Prince and Princess at the end of their tour to Italy in 1985. Other

official overseas visits undertaken with The Prince included Australia (for

the bicentenary celebrations in 1988), Brazil, India, Canada, Nigeria,

Cameroon, Indonesia, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal and Japan (for the

enthronement of Emperor Akihito). Their last joint overseas visit was to

South Korea in 1992.

The Princess's first official visit overseas on her own was in September

1982, when she represented The Queen at the state funeral of Princess Grace

of Monaco. The Princess's first solo overseas tour was in February 1984

when she travelled to Norway to attend a performance of Carmen by the

London City Ballet, of which she was patron. The Princess subsequently

visited many countries including Germany, the United States, Pakistan,

Switzerland, Hungary, Egypt, Belgium, France, South Africa, Zimbabwe and

Nepal.

Although the Princess was renowned for her style and was closely associated

with the fashion world, patronising and raising the profile of younger

British designers, she was best known for her charitable work.

During her marriage, the Princess was president or patron of over 100

charities. The Princess did much to publicise work on behalf of homeless

and also disabled people, children and people with HIV/Aids. In December

1993, the Princess announced that she would be reducing the extent of her

public life in order to combine 'a meaningful public role with a more

private life'.

After her separation from The Prince, the Princess continued to appear with

the Royal family on major national occasions, such as the commemorations of

the 50th anniversary of VE (Victory in Europe) and VJ (Victory over Japan)

Days in 1995.

Following her divorce, the Princess resigned most of her charity and other

patronages, and relinquished all her Service appointments with military

units. The Princess remained as patron of Centrepoint (homeless charity),

English National Ballet, Leprosy Mission and National Aids Trust, and as

President of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street and of the

Royal Marsden Hospital. In June 1997, the Princess attended receptions in

London and New York as previews of the sale of a number of dresses and

suits worn by her on official engagements, with the proceeds going to

charity.

The Princess spent her 36th and last birthday on 1 July 1997 attending the

Tate Gallery's 100th Anniversary celebrations. Her last official engagement

in Britain was on 21 July, when she visited Northwick Park Hospital, London

(children's accident and emergency unit).

In the year before her death, the Princess was an active campaigner for a

ban on the manufacture and use of land mines. In January 1997, she visited

Angola as part of her campaign. in June, the Princess spoke at the

landmines conference at the Royal Geographical Society in London, and this

was followed by a visit to Washington DC in the United States on 17/18 June

to promote the American Red Cross landmines campaign (separately, she also

met Mother Teresa in The Bronx).

The Princess's last public engagements were during her visit to Bosnia from

7 to 10 August, when she visited landmine projects in Travnic, Sarajevo and

Zenezica.

It was in recognition of her charity work that representatives of the

charities with which she worked during her life were invited to walk behind

her coffin with her family from St James's Palace to Westminster Abbey on

the day of her funeral.

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